• Urban flooding due to stormwater runoff
• Water pollution from surface contaminants
• Groundwater depletion
• Reduction in surface runoff and flood risks
• Enhanced groundwater recharge
• Improvement in water quality by filtering pollutants
• Reduced burden on stormwater drainage systems
• Urban flooding due to stormwater runoff
• Water pollution from surface contaminants
• Urban heat island effect due to conventional impermeable surfaces
• Reduction in surface runoff and flood risks
• Improvement in water quality through natural filtration
• Enhanced groundwater recharge
• Stormwater runoff and urban flooding
• Water pollution from sediment and contaminants
• Heat island effect due to lack of green infrastructure
• Reduction in peak stormwater flow and flooding risks
• Improvement in water quality by filtering pollutants
• Enhancement of urban aesthetics and biodiversity
• Reduction in infrastructure maintenance costs